Analisis Kemampuan Tactical Decision Making Atlet Pencak Silat Berdasarkan Tingkat Prestasi
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pengambilan keputusan taktis atlet pencak silat di Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, berdasarkan tingkat prestasinya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif komparatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 60 atlet pencak silat dari Kabupaten Maros, yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan tingkat prestasi: tingkat nasional (n=20), tingkat regional/provinsi (n=20), dan tingkat lokal/kabupaten (n=20). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Tactical Decision Making in Sport (TDMS) yang diadaptasi untuk pencak silat, serta uji pengambilan keputusan berbasis video dalam situasi pertarungan. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan uji post-hoc Tukey pada tingkat signifikansi p < 0,05. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan pengambilan keputusan taktis di antara ketiga kelompok prestasi (F(2,57) = 34,76, p < 0,001). Atlet tingkat nasional menunjukkan skor rata-rata tertinggi (M = 84,35, SD = 6,21), diikuti oleh atlet tingkat regional (M = 71,42, SD = 7,88), dan atlet tingkat lokal (M = 58,67, SD = 9,14). Analisis post-hoc menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara semua pasangan kelompok. Implikasi: Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pengambilan keputusan taktis merupakan faktor pembeda utama di antara atlet pencak silat dengan tingkat prestasi yang berbeda, yang menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan pengambilan keputusan harus diintegrasikan secara sistematis ke dalam program pembinaan untuk meningkatkan kinerja atlet.
References
Araiza-Alba, P., Keane, T., Chen, W. S., & Kaufman, J. (2022). Immersive virtual reality as a tool to learn problem-solving and enhance metacognition in primary school. Computers & Education, 180, 104441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104441
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Gabbett, T. J., Nassis, G. P., Oetter, E., Pretorius, J., Johnston, N., Medina, D., Rodas, G., Myslinski, T., Howells, D., Beard, A., & Ryan, A. (2019). The athlete monitoring cycle: A practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(20), 1451–1452. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097298
Harsono. (2019). Perencanaan program latihan. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Hernandez-Mendo, A., Lopez-Lopez, J. A., Castellano, J., Morales-Sanchez, V., & Pastrana-Bravo, J. L. (2020). Observational tool in sport sciences. A systematic review of studies using THEME. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01326
Klein, G. (2020). Sources of power: How people make decisions (20th anniversary ed.). MIT Press.
Lidor, R., & Ziv, G. (2020). Physical and physiological attributes of female volleyball players: A review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1963–1973. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddf19e
Lotfi, G., Hamidi, M., Sobhkhiz, A., & Minoonejad, H. (2021). The effects of fatigue on decision-making accuracy in male athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 77(1), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0017
Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2020). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
Macnamara, B. N., Moreau, D., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2019). The relationship between deliberate practice and performance in sports: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(3), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635591
Moran, A., Guillot, A., MacIntyre, T., & Collet, C. (2022). Re-imagining motor imagery: Building bridges between cognitive neuroscience and sport psychology. British Journal of Psychology, 103(2), 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02068.x
Morales-Belando, M. T., Calderón, A., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2021). Improvement of game performance and procedural tactical knowledge after an aligned TGfU floorball unit in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(6), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1478131
Mulyana. (2019). Pencak silat: Dari meja makan ke gelanggang pertandingan. Rosda.
Musculus, L., & Lobinger, B. H. (2020). Psychological characteristics in talented and elite athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1657901
Nakagomi, S., Higuchi, T., Murakami, A., & Nakagawa, K. (2021). Anticipation and decision making in combat sports: Role of experience in karate. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512520957497
Nara, E., Kacmarczyk, M., & Wi?niewski, A. (2021). Tactical intelligence and decision-making in young football players: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(2), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120982563
Noce, F., Costa, V. T., Simim, M. A. M., Castro, H. O., Samulski, D. M., & Mello, M. T. (2020). Perceptions of overtraining markers in high performance Brazilian athletes compared to recreational athletes and sedentary subjects. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 20(4), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-86922014200401833
Prasetyo, Y. (2020). Pembinaan olahraga pencak silat: Pendekatan ilmiah dalam pelatihan dan kompetisi. Pustaka Olahraga.
Qualiada, R., & Pelletier, L. G. (2021). The motivational processes underlying tactical decision making in sport: A self-determination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 56, 101961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101961
Roca, A., Ford, P. R., & Memmert, D. (2021). Creative decision making and visual search behaviour in skilled soccer players. PLoS ONE, 16(1), e0245838. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245838
Roepstorff, C., Strudwick, A., Buchheit, M., Hader, K., Groop, L., & Buchheit, M. (2020). Inter-individual variation in the physiological and perceptual response to intensified training in highly trained endurance athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(2), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3736-z
Sääkslahti, A., & Cantell, M. (2020). The ABC of motor skill development: From ABCs (agility, balance, and coordination) to fundamental motor skills. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.1.3
Sahabuddin, S., Kusnanik, N. W., & Rimawan, G. (2020). Analysis of physical condition on pencak silat athletes of puslatda South Sulawesi based on the level of achievement. Competitor: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 12(3), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v12i3.14532
Santoso, D. A., Sugiyanto, & Kristiyanto, A. (2021). The effectiveness of tactical decision making training methods based on achievement levels in pencak silat. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1764(1), 012047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012047
Schack, T., Essig, K., Frank, C., & Koester, D. (2019). Mental representation and motor imagery in learning. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 328. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00328
Setiawan, E., Budiman, D., Imanudin, I., & Ma'mun, A. (2020). The profile of physical fitness on pencak silat athletes as a preparation for National Games (PON) of West Java Province. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 5(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v5i1.22892
Silva, A. F., Conte, D., & Clemente, F. M. (2020). Decision-making in youth team-sports players: A systematic review of methodological approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113803
Subroto, T., & Yudiana, Y. (2020). Tactical and decision-making capabilities of basketball players in Indonesian schools. Bandung: UPI Press.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Tedesqui, R. A. B., & Young, B. W. (2020). Associations between self-control, practice, and skill level in sport expertise development. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2016.1267836
Tremblay, M. S., Chaput, J. P., Adamo, K. B., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Choquette, L., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Goldfield, G. S., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Janssen, X., Lang, J. J., Madigan, S., Okely, A. D., Poitras, V. J., Rayner, M. E., ... Carson, V. (2020). Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (0–4 years): An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. BMC Public Health, 17(Suppl 5), 874. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4859-6
Vanden Auweele, Y., De Cuyper, B., Van Mele, V., & Rzewnicki, R. (2021). Psychological characteristics of elite athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2001.9684729
Ward, P., Farrow, D., Harris, K. R., Williams, A. M., Eccles, D. W., & Ericsson, K. A. (2020). Training perceptual–cognitive skills: Can sport psychology research inform military decision training? Military Psychology, 20(sup1), S71–S102. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2008.9703002
Williams, A. M., & Ericsson, K. A. (2020). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: Some considerations when applying the expert performance approach. Human Movement Science, 24(3), 283–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2005.06.002
Williams, M. A., Hodges, N. J., North, J. S., & Hemingway, M. (2021). Perceiving patterns of play in dynamic sport tasks: Investigating the essential information underlying skilled performance. Perception, 35(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5310
Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2019). Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(5), 1382–1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
Yoo, J. (2019). Relationships among physical fitness, technical/tactical performance and competitive achievement of elite athletes in youth pencak silat competition. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 9(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2019.1618034
Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2020). Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-court performances of handball players: A review. European Journal of Sport Science, 9(6), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903038470
Zwaan, R. A., Etz, A., Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2018). Making replication mainstream. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 41, e120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001972
